| Fluoride
Fluoride is a natural mineral compound that has been
used for decades to strengthen teeth and bones. Beginning in the
1950s, Chicago introduced a public fluoridated water system and
since then, every major U.S. city has followed its lead. Nearly
150 million Americans now receive fluoride through their public
tap water. Fluoride is a cheap and efficient mineral that saves
Americans billions of dollars every year on the cost of dental visits.
How Fluoride Works
Bacteria constantly forms on the inside of the
mouth. Over time, these bacteria can gradually erode away the enamel
(the outer layer) of the tooth. Once this layer is eroded, bacteria
attack the soft core of the tooth, causing cavities or other serious
damage to teeth and gums.
Fluoride combats this process by strengthening the
enamel and helping to remineralize the tooth's surface. Once ingested
into the body, fluoride travels through the blood supply, where
it makes its way into the bones and teeth. Fluoride is easily absorbed
into the teeth thanks to their porous outer surface. Although ingested
primarily through the public water supply, fluoride also comes in
the form of liquid gel or varnish that can be prescribed by a dentist.
Health Concerns
Despite ongoing debate within the medical community,
nearly every major health group endorses the use of fluoride to
help prevent tooth decay. There have been studies exploring a possible
link between fluoride use and cancer as well as between fluoride
use and bone fracture rate. So far, the results have been inconclusive,
and most experts continue to promote the use of fluoride in moderate
doses. When teeth are exposed to excessive amounts of fluoride,
a harmless but undesirable condition known as fluorosis may occur.
Fluorosis visibly discolors the enamel of the teeth, making them
appear as white or brownish spots or lines on the exterior of the
teeth. Younger children who are still growing are more prone to
develop fluorosis than adults. Parents can protect their children
from fluorosis by supervising the amount of fluoride their children
take in.
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